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See the World, Through the “Eyes” of AI

14 Tuesday Jul 2026

Posted by Grewal Levy Marketing in Chapter 03: Social and Mobile Marketing

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istockphoto / Maridav

Promoting travel has been a primary, and lucrative, target for social media influencers. Aesthetically gorgeous destinations provide a compelling setting for any content, though they also demand a lot of money, first to reach and then to stage the sort of large-scale, impressive photoshoots that garner attention. For influencers to make careers out of their travels, they need to leverage key insights to craft compelling content, give followers unique insights into how they too could experience diverse cultures, and, in most cases, convince local tourism operators to sponsor their trips. When they combined these elements, successful travel influencers with large followings were earning more than six figures for a single post, and famous celebrities could make ten times that amount for posting sponsored content.

But even savvy, experienced influencers are struggling to maintain their previous levels of success, and the culprit, as may come as no surprise, appears to be AI. Near the end of 2024, traditional travel content creators started reporting sudden declines in the range and number of sponsorship deals available. The deals they could find also promised lower pay-per-post rates, even for influencers who could point to their past success and vast number of followers.

In their place, travel companies and locations turn to AI-generated avatars that appear in realistic-looking posts, the costs for which can be as low as just $500, though a fully functional, custom avatar might cost more like $5000. Still, these rates are exponentially smaller than the cost of paying human influencers. Furthermore, the brands gain a valuable level of control, in the sense that they can mandate precisely what a digital persona says, whereas human influencers might be expected to adjust the script to reflect their own goals and brand objectives.

This growing presence of AI spokespeople also spans multiple tourism-related sectors. Qatar Airways’s avatar Sama posts sponsored travel content across all the airline’s media channels. The German Tourist Board employs a digital stand-in named Emma that virtually visits and promotes the country’s most popular destinations. Accordingly, a new market has arisen, populated by management firms that create their own digital influencers and solicit sponsorships for them. For example, the travel blogger Radhika, created by a creative management agency based in India, quickly attracted a sizable following that led to contracts for her content from various tourism operators throughout India, and thus a lucrative, stable source of income for the management firm.

Although Radhika has attracted a substantial audience of followers, who appear perfectly willing to overlook the somewhat artificial quality of her appearance and contrived tone of her branded content, traditional human creators might take heart in recent reports. Specifically, most consumers continue to express some wariness toward AI, unwilling to trust it completely. In one survey conducted in Australia for example, more than three-quarters of respondents indicated their sense of hopefulness about the possibilities of AI, together with a parallel sense of skepticism about its ability to function as the sole source of information and inspiration. Such reactions imply that AI content creators and traditional human influencers might coexist, in which case competition for the budget and perks available to travel bloggers could intensify even further.

Discussion Questions

  1. Tourism content created by human influencers involves high innate costs, which might drive brands’ rapid adoption of AI influencers. What other economic sectors similarly might benefit from the relative cost savings provided by AI influencers?
  2. As AI-generated content becomes more lifelike and harder to differentiate from human-generated content, will it be possible for traditional influencers to compete? What would have to happen for these creators to maintain their jobs? That is, what unique value can or should human influencers make sure they offer?

Sources: Julie Weed, “These Travel Influencers Don’t Want Freebies. They’re A.I.,” The New York Times, December 9, 2025; “AI Travel Influencers Begin Reshaping Digital Storytelling,” Digital Watch Observatory, January 21, 2026; “AI vs Influencers: Which Is More Trusted for Travel Recommendations?,” Karryon, July 31, 2025.

Is “Fastvertising” the Marketing Trend of the Moment?

07 Tuesday Jul 2026

Posted by Grewal Levy Marketing in Uncategorized

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istockphoto / Foto Stock Affari

Speed, agility, and dexterity define great athletic ability. They also appear equally important for advertising ability. When brands can react promptly and flexibly to constantly changing consumption trends and culturally relevant opportunities, they can achieve remarkable success and outperform their competitors, just as athletes attempt to do each time they play.

The need for such marketing dexterity has always existed, but as a result of modern technological developments, brands have remarkable new opportunities to display such nimbleness. In noting this development, a group of advertising experts has proposed the notion of fastvertising, a marketing strategy that involves the rapid development and distribution of clever responses to cultural events in real-time. By releasing a creative reaction to a pertinent event almost immediately, brands can garner additional impressions, earned by exploiting the chatter that surrounds the event itself but also by demonstrating their own cleverness and ability to join in on the fun.

An early example of fastvertising gave Oreo cookies a remarkable brand boost. The Super Bowl is consistently one of the most watched sporting events in the world, and advertisers spend millions to have their brands featured for mere seconds during the broadcast. But during Super Bowl XLVII, just after Beyoncé had finished her thrilling halftime show, the New Orleans Superdome went dark, having suffered a massive power outage. For 34 minutes, players wandered the field, spectators sat in the dark, viewers at home wondered what was happening—and Oreo’s social media team took to Twitter to promise that the sandwich cookies could be enjoyed regardless, with the line, “Power out? No problem. You can still dunk in the dark.” For the millions of curious viewers, who likely had turned to their mobile devices searching for an explanation for the outage, the rapid, humorous response represented a novel appeal. The tweet reached more than half a billion people within minutes.

Even if responsiveness and dexterity have long been advertising goals, and even if this example of fastvertising is more than a decade old, brands still struggle to achieve such success. Corporations are notoriously slow to approve new ideas, as well as particularly loath to spark any sort of controversy. To embrace fastvertising, they cannot simply update their advertising strategy; they must challenge the logic that underlies typical marketing recommendations to design and release advertising content only when it appears guaranteed to improve, or at least not undermine, the brand’s current position. In this view, doing nothing is better than doing something wrong. But a fastvertising approach takes the view that any reaction is better than none, as long as it is driven by a particular sort of intelligence that combines emotional appeals and humor with a clear understanding of current cultural moments.

Notably, among the authors of the team credited with coining the term, we find an unexpected name. Rather than another scholar, the team includes the actor-turned-entrepreneur Ryan Reynolds (aka Deadpool), who is widely known for his quick wit and edgy, borderline inappropriate humor. When promoting brands in which he has investment stakes, Reynolds consistently deploys those characteristics, and because he has substantial ownership shares, he can undertake such deployments rapidly, without having to wait for permission, approval, or sign-offs from large corporate structures.

For example, when Peloton released a holiday commercial in which a man gifted his female partner an exercise bike—and viewers responded in horror, calling out the brand for sexist views and identifying the protagonist as a hostage to a red-flag relationship—Reynolds seized on the moment. He hired the female actor who received the terrible gift in the Peloton advertisement to maintain her characterization and play the same role in an advertisement for his gin brand. Seen sitting in apparent shock, surrounded by friends animatedly trying to talk her out of the relationship and “exercise cult,” the actor took a sip from a drink. Peloton was never mentioned by name, but the reference was clear, and the cheeky voiceover at the end, voiced by Reynolds himself, promised that an “exercise bike is not included.”

But as we noted, flexibility and responsiveness remain key, and Peloton clearly learned that lesson when dealing with the blowback to its advertisement. Therefore, when it confronted another public relations disaster, due to an unfortunate product placement event, it was better prepared to exhibit its own fastvertising. Peloton had agreed that its products could feature in the Sex and the City spinoff show, And Just Like That…. But unbeknownst to the brand, the product would be featured as implicitly responsible for the death of Mr. Big, a popular character whose heart attack appeared brought on by his workout on a Peloton bike. Rather than accept such a problematic narrative link, Peloton took a page from Reynolds’s playbook and hired the actor who played Mr. Big to appear in brand advertising, in a loose continuation of his star role. As the character reemerges, a rapid voiceover by (of course!) Ryan Reynolds outlines the health benefits of cycling and insists that Mr. Big actually is alive and thriving, because he remained dedicated to his heart-healthy workouts.

Again, the quick-witted response was lauded, as was the timeliness of the punchline. In this particular iteration of fastvertising, the campaign acknowledged the importance of the character to the series, and the shock expressed by fans of the show when he died; the serious harm that the original feature could cause the Peloton brand, by creating an implicit connection between product usage and mortal danger; and also the slightly ridiculous quality of the whole situation, in which no one actually died.

As these collected examples show though, sometimes effective advertising, or fastvertising, can contribute to the life or death of a brand. Like players who have reached the Super Bowl or regular people trying to complete a difficult Peloton routine, being fast and nimble can be the winning formula for brands.

Discussion Questions

  1. Can you think of other examples of fastvertising that you’ve seen? What made them successful, or not?
  2. Why would Peloton choose to work with Reynolds, after he had run a campaign that mocked its marketing in the past?

Sources: Ayelet Israeli, Leonard A. Schlesinger, Matt Higgins, and Ryan Reynolds, “Marketing at the Speed of Culture,” Harvard Business Review, January 2026; Li Cohen, “Star of Viral Peloton Commercial Appears in New Ad—This Time for Gin,” CBS News, December 17, 2019; Nick Turner, “Peloton Fires Back with Chris Noth Ad After ‘Sex and the City’ Damage—Spoiler, He’s Alive,” Financial Post, December 13, 2021.

A Roadblock to Roblox? Platform Introduces Age Verification

02 Thursday Jul 2026

Posted by Grewal Levy Marketing in Chapter 04: Conscious Marketing, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Ethics

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Laws governing the use of social media, designed to limit access by minors, have been enacted in several countries recently (see the abstract “Australia Bans Social Media for Children Younger than 16 Years,” from June 2025). Although gaming platforms technically are not subject to this legislation, Roblox has decided to introduce age verification for all users in the region, seeking to reduce the risk that children enter into interactions with unfamiliar adults. The rollout will include not just Australia and New Zealand but also the Netherlands, whose Authority for Consumers and Markets has raised concerns about Roblox’s compliance with the EU Digital Services Act. The verification system requires copies of official identification cards, along with a selfie of the user to confirm their identity. The technology then sorts confirmed participants into age-specific categories and limits certain features and interactions for younger participants. Although Roblox already had established parental controls, filtered chat requests, and conducted automated monitoring of messages, it also has come in for consistent criticism, along with several lawsuits, for its failure to enforce age verification requirements. Allegations of child endangerment are serious concerns for a platform on which an estimated one-third of accounts, or about 40 million users worldwide, belong to consumers younger than 13 years of age. In announcing the new system, Roblox described it as a “signal of trust” and called on potential development partners to take similar steps. But the platform’s choice to introduce the verification initiative only in regions that already have imposed new age-based regulations raises some skepticism of the trustworthiness of its own intentions.

Sources: Jenny Gross, “Roblox, Where Kids Game and Chat, Will Analyze Their Faces to Verify Age,” The New York Times, November 21, 2025; Charlotte Van Campenhout, “Dutch Regulator to Probe Roblox Over Risks to Minors,” Reuters, January 30, 2026.

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Pivoting While Everyone Is Watching: How Meta’s Strategy Continues to Evolve

30 Tuesday Jun 2026

Posted by Grewal Levy Marketing in Chapter 02: Developing Marketing Strategies

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When Mark Zuckerberg announced, in 2021, that Facebook would be reinvented and renamed as Meta, the move was interpreted as …

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Form-Fitting Versus Baggy: The Athleisure Trends Dividing the Generations

14 Tuesday Apr 2026

Posted by Grewal Levy Marketing in Chapter 06: Consumer Behavior, Chapter 09: Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning

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athletic, baggy, Gen Z, leisure, style

istockphoto / nicoletaionescu

There once was a time that dressing to exercise meant putting on clothes uniquely suited to the gym. If you were wearing sweatpants, you were exercising, and no one would dream of wearing sweatpants to grab lunch. But then athleisure trends took hold, while in parallel, technological advances in clothing materials introduced new, slimmer silhouettes. Thus, it became common to encounter people clad head to toe in Lycra or spandex, in nearly every arena of daily life.

Such casual apparel certainly has its appeal for many consumers, but the specific cuts associated with form-fitting gear do not sit, or fit, well with everyone. Embracing the goal of comfort, Gen Z is reinventing gym gear yet again, calling for baggier cuts, a wider range of options, and stylish alternatives that support their desire to make their carefully crafted look appear effortless.

Proponents of looser fits cite the sense of freedom they gain from deviating from prescribed athletic uniforms, as well as greater flexibility to take comfortable clothing from the streets to the gym without needing to change. Moving away from skin-tight clothing also supports ethical goals for greater inclusivity, and some feminists embrace the shift as a way to establish a clear rejection of the male gaze in favor of wearing whatever makes people comfortable, while doing strenuous physical activity.

Predictably, labels are taking note. Major brands have rushed to introduce new cuts and draping. Even Lululemon has slowly shifted away from its usual figure-hugging silhouette. But even as these trends are spreading, detractors claim the entire discourse is just one more reactionary pushback by Gen Z against all things Millennial. These users brought up Gen Z’s insistence on parting their hair in the middle rather than on the side, or preference for baggy jeans over skinny, both of which seemingly took hold overnight, and became a way for the younger generation to mock older Millennials.

As always, the echo chamber of social media has only amplified the discourse, making the voices on both sides of the conversation especially loud. But perhaps the solution is so boringly simple, it was easily overlooked: Everyone should just wear whatever they want.

Discussion Questions

  1. Is the loose clothing trend likely to persist, after the initial discourse dies down?
  2. How should brands like Lululemon, known for tighter silhouettes, adjust to changing trends? Should they completely pivot to cater to current preferences?

Sources: Madison Malone Kircher, “Millennials and Gen Z Are Fighting Again. This Time About Gym Clothes,” The New York Times, March 17, 2025; Destinee Scott, “Gen Z Is Ditching Millennials’ Favorite Workout Wear-Here’s What They’re Buying Instead,” PureWow, April 18, 2025; Kirsty Thatcher, “Leggings Are Out, Parachute Pants Are In: The Rise of Baggy Activewear,” RUSSH, August 29, 2025.

Ground Rules: How Should Retailers Set Store Policies?

07 Tuesday Apr 2026

Posted by Grewal Levy Marketing in Chapter 04: Conscious Marketing, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Ethics

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Tags

law, policy, regulations, Retail, rules, store

istockphoto / bo feng

Retailers set their own rules and store policies. But they also function in the presence of other rules, which actually remain unspoken and might be called norms or expectations of proper social etiquette. For example, a retailer might establish a standard that says the customer is always right but also insist that, for shoppers, you break it, you buy it. Different social norms support each of these standards, which can create a tricky situation for retailers. When damage occurs, should stores insist on holding customers responsible for the costs, or should they acquiesce and recognize that accidents happen, for which customers cannot be blamed?

Because no universal, simple solution exists, employees in the store often must navigate each situation in the moment, among the conflicting pulls of social norms, good manners, and legal recourse. In such a situation, hypothetical cases can help establish some sense of potential resolutions, by outlining the various considerations that need to be addressed.

The humor writer John Hodgman offers just such insights, weighing in on the ethics of a low-stakes, nearly universally familiar shopping situation: the grocery store accident. That is, a grocery store shopper accidently spills a carton of blueberries to the floor, after having paid for them. The shopper takes responsibility for the loss, cleans up the berries, and moves on, but his spouse wants to ask the store for a refund of the cost of the carton. Hodgman weighs the case through the lens of societal norms and agrees with the shopper that the responsible party is the one who should bear the cost of the damaged product.

But what if the spill happened before purchase? Should a shopper who drops a carton of blueberries be forced to pay for them, even though they will be unable to consume them? According to a legal advice site, the store could not have the shopper arrested for refusing to pay for something that has been accidentally damaged. An accident is not a crime. Nor may a retail location bar a customer from leaving until they pay for accidental damage. Doing so even might constitute false imprisonment, which is illegal.

Were a retailer really determined to be compensated for its loss though, it could take the clumsy customer to civil court, claiming negligence that resulted in loss. The exact criteria for negligence is ambiguous and depends on the situation. Furthermore, realistically, most store owners would not be willing to incur the expense and effort needed to recoup the cost of a carton of blueberries. The point though is that some avenue for recourse does exist, in extreme versions of this situation.

Despite their different views, these perspectives suggest a similar, underlying insight: Regardless of company policy, the outcome of any given situation likely will be determined by its unique details. Had the spouse been present during the initial interaction, and demanded compensation for the accidentally spilled blueberries, the store likely would have replaced the box, in the hope of placating a loyal customer, even without any legal requirement to do so, and even if its policy required the customer to take responsibility.

Furthermore, in this case, the shopper declined to request compensation and took responsibility for his mistake. The outcome was thus determined by the consumer, so neither the store nor its employees needed to make difficult decisions. But in another situation, with a less cooperative shopper, the choices made ultimately should take into consideration not only norms, laws, and store policies but also what is best for the business’s long-term profit.

Discussion Questions

  1. What variations in this situation would make it the retailer’s responsibility?
  2. How could similar hypothetical cases help retailers make decisions about other store policies? Describe a possible usage.

Sources: John Hodgman, “What Should Happen When You Spill Blueberries at the Store?,” The New York Times, July 11, 2025; “If You Break It, Must You Buy It?,” FindLaw, March 21, 2019.

Calling Out Shein’s Questionable Marketing Tactics

31 Tuesday Mar 2026

Posted by Grewal Levy Marketing in Chapter 04: Conscious Marketing, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Ethics, Chapter 19: Advertising, Public Relations and Sales Promotions

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Tags

ethics, FTC, illegal, Shein, sms, Spam

istockphoto / fizkes

When it was first introduced, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission’s (FTC) National Do Not Call Registry radically altered the marketing landscape. It substantially constrained the entire telemarketing sector, by making it illegal to place unsolicited calls to consumers who had indicated their disinterest, by signing up for the registry. Today, annoying, unsolicited calls still might occur, but they are far fewer than was the case in the past.

This dramatic shift in the prevalence of telemarketing calls might explain the strong reactions of consumers in Indiana who accused the fast-fashion retailer Shein of sending them mass marketing texts, despite their presence on the registry, and despite never having given the retailer permission to bypass this status. These irritated consumers filed a class-action lawsuit, alleging that Shein was in violation of the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA). In particular, they cited three illegal acts resulting from the mass market texts: an intrusion on people’s seclusion, an invasion of their privacy, and a private nuisance.

The TCPA mandates that all retailers operating in the United States must honor the National Do Not Call Registry, and it clearly establishes that the burden of compliance is on retailers. They are the ones responsible for monitoring the registry and confirming that their practices adhere to the FTC’s standards.

Perhaps the strength of the response reflects consumers’ expectation that they can avoid nuisance calls. But we also might wonder if some of their anger has to do with the source of those calls. Shein has been involved in quite a few legal disputes, including allegations that it copies its clothing designs from other designers and thus violates their copyrights. Furthermore, federal agencies in the United States, Italy, and France have alleged that Shein willfully misrepresents its sustainability practices, such as when it claimed substantial reductions in the amount of microplastics in its clothing and the amount of textile waste it sent to landfills. An investigation by France’s antitrust regulatory body led to sizeable fines imposed on the retailer.

This historical context adds some nuance to the current complaints. The sheer scale and range of misdeeds that Shein has been accused of raise consumer skepticism and a willingness to believe the worst. Maybe if another company sent mass texts, then apologized that it did so in error, people would believe it. But Shein’s growing reputation for misleading communications undermines such goodwill, especially when its past actions indicate that direct monetary fines and losses represent the only incentive that can get it to clean up its act.

Discussion Questions

  1. Should there be a standardized set of regulatory guidelines for all international companies to follow? Which regulations should be standardized? Privacy? Environmental? Which should be left up to each individual nation? Why?
  2. Why would Shein continue to risk damage to its reputation? What benefits does it gain from engaging in such potentially illegal activity?

Sources: Laurel Deppon, “Shein Faces Class Action Lawsuit Over Marketing Texts,” Retail Dive, July 15, 2025; Sara Traynor, “Privacy Bulletin: SHEIN SMS Violates Do-Not-Call Directive, Faces Class Action Lawsuit,” Kaamel, August 18, 2025; “Fast Fashion Giant Shein Hit With Lawsuit Over Shady Marketing Tactics—Here’s What You Need to Know,” The Cool Down, August 8, 2025.

Algorithm Movies and Gourmet Cheeseburgers

24 Tuesday Mar 2026

Posted by Grewal Levy Marketing in Chapter 10: Marketing Research

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Tags

algorithm, design, Movies, netflix


istockphoto / gorodenkoff

A central, frequently touted promise of big data and advanced analytics is that they can personalize offerings so deeply and effectively that they offer each consumer precisely what that person wants at any given time. But observers of recent trends and directions in movie-making, especially by streaming platforms and content developers that rely on such big data, suggest the real outcomes have gone the opposite way, producing far more generic offerings that can apply to everyone.

Although many platforms might be involved in this development, Netflix—with its more than 300 million subscribers, global reach, cutting-edge recommendation algorithms, and vast production capabilities (e.g., it released more than 100 original titles in one recent year)—represents the primary source. Accordingly, it is home to a remarkable number of what might be called “algorithm movies.” These films feature storylines that are easy for viewers to follow, even if they might be doing household chores or browsing social media at the same time as they watch the movie. The sound is designed to be relatively flat, so that people can hear what’s happening whether they are listening through headphones, surround sound speakers, or their mobile devices. Visually, the colors are bright, and feature a lot of yellow (attention grabbing but not gendered), but the images offer a low contrast style. The actors featured tend to be generally appealing but not necessarily top-tier, award-winning stars.

Also known as ambient programming, such algorithm movies aim to appeal to anyone and everyone, regardless of their consumption situation or personal characteristics. Thus, they cannot precisely match any individual consumer’s preferences. In turn, their quality generally gets assessed as middling. They’re usually not terrible, but they also are not breaking any new ground or prompting a creative revival in film. In this sense, like a gourmet cheeseburger, the basic offering is familiar, comforting, and satisfying, offering slightly varied combinations of ingredients without ultimately altering the recipe.

Such content is based firmly and powerfully in the expansive data that Netflix gathers from tracking consumers’ watching habits. The company obtains an estimated 700 billion bits of data, produced by any interaction that a user has with the platform, every single day. Its analyses of these data inform its attempts to ensure the greatest number of consumers are watching the greatest number of titles over time, which it works to achieve by presenting viewers with recommendations and nudges to watch the same content.

In line with these uses of big data to inform content development, Netflix also gauges performance in unique ways that leverage its distinctive market research capabilities. Rather than traditional box office receipts, it counts the total viewing hours that all users devoted to a particular title, then divides that number by the title’s run time. Thus it obtains an average viewing rate that offers a precise indicator of the broad appeal of the content, though again without specifying why each viewer watched or what was uniquely appealing about it.

An ongoing question though involves what algorithm movies really reflect. Is the content getting generalized, because the content creators are seeking the widest audience possible? Or are consumers, who peruse movies while also doing other things, growing more bland in their preferences, such that they are seeking out the gourmet cheeseburger instead of more experimental fare?

Discussion Questions

  1. Do algorithm movies represent an effective use of big data analyses? Why or why not?
  2. How would you answer the questions that conclude this abstract?

Sources: Paul Hoad, “Bland, Easy to Follow, for Fans of Everything: What Has the Netflix Algorithm Done to Our Films?,” The Guardian, August 28, 2025.

Where Layaway Meets the Circular Economy: The Klarna–Poshmark Partnership

17 Tuesday Mar 2026

Posted by Grewal Levy Marketing in Chapter 03: Social and Mobile Marketing, Chapter 06: Consumer Behavior, Chapter 17: Retailing and Multichannel Marketing

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Tags

consume, debt, second hand, sustainable, used

istockphoto / Wirestock

The concepts of layaway payments and resale markets might seem contradictory, but in today’s marketing landscape, they are joined in reality. When the buy now, pay later service provider Klarna debuted its strategic partnership with Poshmark, one of the biggest digital consignment retailers in the world, the two companies asserted that their collaboration actually represented a natural complement. In particular, both firms tend to attract similar segments of budget-conscious customers. Furthermore, both of them represent first-movers and innovators, which have largely reinvented what were once brick-and-mortar applications for the digital age.

According to Klarna, its goal is to help streamline the circular economy, by facilitating the behaviors that many Poshmark sellers already exhibit. That is, experienced resellers often scour the site, in search of products that are listed at low prices by inexperienced original sellers who do not recognize the value of the items they are listing. The experienced seller then goes on to relist the product at a higher price, sometimes mere moments after purchase. The difference, for savvy resellers, can be a tidy profit.

Such practices are notably unlike traditional consignment markets, such as thrift stores. Digital platforms and quick shipping capabilities enable items to switch ownership multiple times in a short span of time. Efficiency is thus a priority, but for the experienced resellers, the business model can demand a lot of time and effort, much of it quite repetitive. They need to monitor the site constantly to snap up good deals, and then they need to write brand new listings for each product, take new photographs of the items, and measure each part for fit.

It’s at this point in the circular economy that Klarna can introduce a novel opportunity. It grants its existing customers access to Poshmark purchase histories, including the images and listing information used by previous sellers. Therefore, rather than crafting new and appealing descriptions and shooting new glamour shots, they can repost existing content. Furthermore, eligible entries can be leveraged to create templates that then offer suggested wording for subsequent listings of similar items.

To attract first-time sellers to embrace both firms, registrants automatically receive $10 in Poshmark store credit if they also are using Klarna. At the same time, Klarna shoppers are being newly exposed to Poshmark and its offerings.

The novel partnership offers further evidence of Klarna’s and Poshmark’s ongoing determination to achieve first-mover advantages. The resurgent popularity of thrifting first became evident more than a decade ago, but market forecasters predict that the worldwide resale market will continue to grow steadily, and furthermore, e-commerce platforms are predicted to account for the majority of such transactions. By the 2030s, the global consignment market is expected to be more than twice its current size. Especially as global economic anxieties persist, resale markets promise consumers a viable solution to access a wide selection of items, without having to rely on conventional supply chains. Even if they want to purchase the most expensive luxury products that appear on Poshmark, they can do so now, by spreading out the payments over time through Klarna.

Notably, seemingly in an attempt to capitalize on Poshmark’s and Klarna’s shared appeal to consumers of digital-first generations, they announced their partnership right before a back-to-school season, when young parents and college students were likely to be looking for a lot of clothing items but had little cash to spare.

Discussion Questions

  1. Have you ever used a buy now, pay later service? What factors motivated your decision to do so at the time, and how do you feel about that experience in retrospect?
  2. In addition to alleviating economic pressure, what are some of the benefits of consignment markets? Are there any costs?

Sources: Xanayra Marin-Lopez, “Klarna Users Can Now List Past Purchases on Poshmark,” Retail Dive, July 24, 2025; Liz Morton, “Poshmark Partners with Klarna to Streamline In-App Resale,” Value Added Resource, July 22, 2025, https://www.valueaddedresource.net/poshmark-klarna-resale/.

Back Down to Earth: McDonald’s Closes CosMc’s

10 Tuesday Mar 2026

Posted by Grewal Levy Marketing in Chapter 05: Analyzing the Marketing Environment, Chapter 12: Developing New Products

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Tags

closed, McDonald's, shakes

We previously presented a new product line introduction by McDonald’s (see “Breaking New Ground: McDonald’s Introduces a New Product Line”), called CosMc’s, a chain of space-themed restaurants with smaller menus than conventional outposts of the fast-food chain. It sought to fill a gap in the market, positioned in between coffee shops and traditional fast-casual restaurants, that would meet younger consumers’ desire for personalized options. But the experiment never took off, and within just a couple of years of opening its five pilot locations, CosMc’s has come to an end. It’s not all bad news though, for the company or consumers. McDonald’s is using the information it gathered to introduce some of the more successful CosMc’s menu items and preparation techniques into its regular stores. By leveraging this intense proving ground, McDonald’s thus gained an opportunity to experiment with different store concepts, without threatening or undermining its core business.

Sources: Jordan Valinsky, “McDonald’s Is Closing Down CosMc’s, Its Beverage-Focused Spinoff,” CNN, May 24, 2025; Amanda Mactas, “McDonald’s Is Closing All CosMc’s Locations—Here’s What You Need to Know,” Delish, May 27, 2025; Ashok Selvam, “CosMc’s Falls From Orbit as McDonald’s Will Close ‘Beverage-Focused’ Spin-Off,” Eater, May 27, 2025.

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Archived Articles by Chapter

  • Chapter 01: Overview of Marketing (82)
  • Chapter 02: Developing Marketing Strategies (153)
  • Chapter 03: Social and Mobile Marketing (179)
  • Chapter 04: Conscious Marketing, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Ethics (187)
  • Chapter 05: Analyzing the Marketing Environment (245)
  • Chapter 06: Consumer Behavior (207)
  • Chapter 07: Business-to-Business Marketing (91)
  • Chapter 08: Global Marketing (130)
  • Chapter 09: Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning (167)
  • Chapter 10: Marketing Research (110)
  • Chapter 11: Product Branding and Packaging Decisions (225)
  • Chapter 12: Developing New Products (199)
  • Chapter 13: Services: The Intangible Product (160)
  • Chapter 14: Pricing Concepts for Establishing Value (106)
  • Chapter 15: Strategic Pricing Concepts (110)
  • Chapter 16: Supply Chain Management (125)
  • Chapter 17: Retailing and Multichannel Marketing (223)
  • Chapter 18: Integrated Marketing Communications (172)
  • Chapter 19: Advertising, Public Relations and Sales Promotions (206)
  • Chapter 20: Personal Selling and Sales Management (65)
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